海角破解版

Updated 2:30 p.m., Monday, Nov. 15

Before the Sept. 14 primary, when Marquez Brown was knocking on doors for the incumbent city councilman in Ward 17, he noticed blue 鈥淏ibb!鈥� signs in yards across the far West Side neighborhood.

Brown, the Cleveland regional director for the American Federation of State County and Municipal Employees Council 8, called Justin Bibb to ask about it. The two had known each other since Bibb was a high school volunteer for John Kerry鈥檚 2004 presidential campaign.

Bibb told Brown that if he could finish second or third in Ward 17, he鈥檇 be able to make it out of the mayoral primary and into the general election, Brown recalled.

鈥淲hen I heard him say that, I told my team, I said, 鈥楲ook, I think there鈥檚 going to be a different dynamic in this election come Tuesday night,鈥欌�� Brown told 海角破解版. 鈥淓verywhere I went, people were talking about Justin.鈥�

AFSCME Council 8 had endorsed Dennis Kucinich in the primary. But the former congressman failed to advance to the general election, finishing third overall 鈥� and third in Ward 17, where he needed to run stronger. Only the top two moved on to the general election.

On Sept. 14, Bibb, a young Black candidate who had never before run for office, finished second in this predominantly white ward that casts more votes than any other in the city.

That showing helped propel him to a first-place finish in the primary, proving him to be a serious candidate. It was a sign of the general election victory to come.

By calling on old relationships, building new ones and running a vigorous citywide ground campaign on a message of change, Bibb defeated established politicians and won himself the mayor鈥檚 office at the age of 34.

Bibb speaks to a meet-and-greet audience in the Brooklyn Centre neighborhood Oct. 8. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

鈥楾ry to be everywhere鈥�

Before he became the campaign manager who orchestrated Bibb鈥檚 mayoral victory, Ryan Puente worked as the executive director of the Cuyahoga County Democratic Party.

It was in that role, in 2020, that Puente, who is three years younger than Bibb, noticed that party precinct and executive committee members wanted a change, he said.

鈥淭hroughout 2020, I just continued to hear a lot about change and energy,鈥� Puente said in an interview with Ideastream. 鈥淚 just think people were, in Cleveland particularly, energized around organizing and wanting to increase voter engagement.鈥�

Local Democrats felt overlooked by the national party during the presidential election. The COVID-19 pandemic kept many people indoors, stymieing get-out-the-vote efforts. Some Democratic activists organized their own, ward-based turnout operations.

Puente believed that Bibb, a political outsider who nonetheless had built up a broad network of contacts, was well-suited for the moment.

鈥淚 saw that there was a lot of folks that believed in Justin and, I think, thought that he was the right leader at the right time,鈥� Puente said, echoing Bibb鈥檚 campaign slogan.

That desire for change wasn鈥檛 limited to grassroots party members. The popularity of four-term Mayor Frank Jackson was sagging, according to Ed FitzGerald, the former Cuyahoga County executive who worked as a pollster for Bibb鈥檚 opponent, Council President Kevin Kelley.

鈥淔rank Jackson was not popular, and he wasn鈥檛 popular on either side of town, particularly,鈥� FitzGerald said, describing early polling numbers. 鈥淲e had him underwater in all of our polls by a very wide margin, and so to me, that showed that this was going to be, probably going to be a change election. And that helps Justin Bibb and it hurts Kevin.鈥�

Former Cleveland City Council President Jay Westbrook addresses media alongside Bibb, whom he endorsed, at an event July 20. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

Bibb announced his mayoral bid in January, five months before Jackson officially closed the door on seeking a fifth term. According to a December 2020 poll, Bibb had just 2% support among likely voters.

Bibb鈥檚 campaign advisors correctly believed that he would be popular in Wards 3 and 15, the Downtown and Near West Side neighborhoods that are home to many younger voters. But Bibb needed second- or third-place finishes elsewhere in town if he wanted to make it out of the primary, Puente said.

鈥淥ur mantra was, 鈥楾ry to be everywhere,鈥� and we were having real conversations at the door,鈥� Puente said.

Those conversations reinforced Bibb鈥檚 core messages, Puente said: People wanted change. They wanted good policing, but they also wanted police accountability.

Bibb ran a ground game on the East and West Sides with help from an enthusiastic cadre of students. Supporters met regularly to send postcards to voters advocating for Bibb.

Bibb also built relationships with people Puente termed 鈥渘eighborhood influencers,鈥� the sort of people who could organize meet-and-greets for Bibb on their blocks. From Franklin Boulevard to Shaker Square, supporters emailed friends and neighbors about why they were backing a fresh face named Justin Bibb.

鈥淢ost campaigns are top-down; his campaign was very much bottom-up,鈥� said Quentin James, a Bibb supporter and the president of the political action committee The Collective. 鈥淟ike, 鈥業鈥檓 going to come to you, all I want you to do is invite some neighbors or friends over and hear my vision and ask me questions.鈥欌��

Bibb and Kelley chat with Dennis Kucinich before a candidate forum in Tremont Aug. 23. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

But Bibb was still up against experienced vote-getters like Kucinich, Kelley, former Cleveland City Councilman Zack Reed and State Sen. Sandra Williams. Endorsements from the Plain Dealer and former Mayor Michael R. White helped to raise his profile.

Meanwhile, Kelley and the super PAC Citizens for Change fought to peel votes away from Kucinich, who was seen as a likely first-place finisher on primary night.

鈥淎t first, Dennis Kucinich was so strong that we knew that in order to get anywhere, we had to deal with Dennis,鈥� Joe Fouche, Kelley鈥檚 campaign manager, told 海角破解版.

Fouche suspected that Kucinich鈥檚 early poll numbers reflected widespread name recognition, but not necessarily guaranteed votes. The Kelley campaign鈥檚 anti-Kucinich effort may have helped Bibb by flattening the former mayor鈥檚 support, according to Puente.

鈥淲e were just hoping to grab that second spot [in the primary],鈥� Puente said. 鈥淗owever, I think when the Kelley campaign started to go after Dennis, as we saw on election night, we think that helped us slide into that first spot.鈥�

Dennis Kucinich, center, his wife, Elizabeth, and campaign spokesman Andy Juniewicz walk to the Cuyahoga County Board of Elections to turn in Kucinich's nominating petitions in June. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

When the primary votes were counted, Kucinich had fallen to third place and was out of the mayor's race. Kelley 鈥� thanks to his strong support in West Park and Old Brooklyn 鈥� had broken the former congressman鈥檚 once-ironclad backing on the West Side.

鈥淜evin鈥檚 campaign had hoped that the story was going to be that he really was the first politician in many, many, many years to beat Dennis Kucinich in his own backyard,鈥� FitzGerald said. 鈥淏ut that wasn't the story, unfortunately for Kevin鈥檚 campaign. The story was that Justin Bibb, who was an unknown, came from way back to win, to be the top vote-getter.鈥�

Kelley brought the flushest campaign bank account to bear on the race at the start of the year. In the primary, the council president鈥檚 ads dominated the television airwaves.

But with a first-place primary finish under his belt, Bibb kept gaining momentum in the general election campaign, picking up endorsements from elected officials and out-fundraising Kelley.  

鈥淚 think folks wanted to see how would he box against the big boys, right? How would he perform in that primary?鈥� James said of Bibb. 鈥淎nd he blew all of us away with that turnout.鈥�

Former Cleveland Mayor Michael R. White endorses Bibb outside Bibb's grandmother's home Aug. 18. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

鈥楽omeone who has come from nowhere鈥�

With Kucinich vanquished, the Kelley campaign turned its attention to Bibb in the head-to-head general election race.

Both candidates sought to make inroads with Black voters on the East Side, most of whom had picked someone else in the primary. The council president secured endorsements from several Black council colleagues, including former primary opponent Basheer Jones.

Jones stressed that Black voters shouldn鈥檛 pick the Black candidate merely because of his race. At an event with Kelley in late September, Jones referred to Bibb as 鈥渟omeone who has come from nowhere, and we have no idea who they are or where they came from.鈥�

The problem for the Kelley campaign was that Bibb was not entirely an unknown.

Even as a student at Trinity High School in the early 2000s, Bibb had begun making connections with people in Cleveland politics. In a page of Bibb鈥檚 senior yearbook in 2005, the editors wrote he was also known as "The Senator.鈥�

Angela Woodson, who worked as a senior advisor for Bibb鈥檚 campaign with faith groups, said she first met him at county party headquarters during the Kerry campaign in 2004. Woodson and a colleague began giving him rides home, she said.

鈥淚 was fascinated that he was catching buses to get over to us right after school,鈥� Woodson said.

Bibb showed a keen interest in politics as a young person. When Frank Jackson was sworn in as mayor in 2006, Woodson brought Bibb to Jackson鈥檚 open-to-the-public mayoral ball, she said.

鈥淲hen I took him that day, I said you would have thought I took him to a Michael Jackson concert, because he was so excited,鈥� Woodson said.

Justin Bibb's mother, Charlene Nichols, looks on as dozens of ministers endorse her son's mayoral bid. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

Bibb was also known in the Black church. His family attended Olivet Institutional Baptist Church, led for decades by the Rev. Otis Moss Jr. and now by the Rev. Jawanza Colvin. As a candidate, Bibb put in time on Sundays speaking to congregations.

Many pastors did not endorse in the primary so as not to pick sides among friends in the race, Woodson said. But after Sept. 14, things changed. Bibb met with dozens of pastors and won their backing.

鈥淲e heard Justin out, and we all agreed that we would get behind him,鈥� Woodson said. 鈥淏ecause he had earned all of our 鈥� every right for us to be behind him. He was the top vote-getter, which was impressive. He beat every odd that everybody had been printing and had been saying.鈥�

The endorsements of Zack Reed and Sandra Williams, who did well on the southeast side of the city in the primary, also helped Bibb consolidate support. Reed 鈥� well known as a relentless campaigner 鈥� canvassed East Side neighborhoods for Bibb, putting his name and popularity behind the first-time candidate.

Reed told 海角破解版 that some voters told him they weren鈥檛 yet sold on Bibb, even if they had no plans to vote for Kelley. Work by Reed and others likely helped close the deal.

鈥淚 just believe that once you endorse somebody, you shouldn鈥檛 just put your name on a piece of paper and allow them to utilize your name,鈥� Reed said. 鈥淵ou should put your machinery in work.鈥�

On election night Nov. 2, Bibb won 80% support in many East Side wards, outdistancing even Mayor Frank Jackson鈥檚 margins against opponent Ken Lanci in 2013.

If Bibb is going to be politically successful as mayor, he will have to deliver the change that he promised and stay in touch with the voters who won him his victory, Reed said.

鈥淧eople want real change,鈥� Reed said. 鈥淭hey want the system to work for them, especially people of color, especially for the people on the East Side of the city of Cleveland.鈥�

Bibb shakes hands during Cleveland's Labor Day parade, an East Side event that draws candidates from all over the city. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

Outside influence

Both Kelley and Bibb benefitted from independent expenditure campaigns.

Citizens for Change PAC helped Kelley in the primary by hammering away at Kucinich. The super PAC also paid for a mailer attacking Bibb.

In the general election, a new super PAC came to Kelley鈥檚 aid: Citizens for Cleveland鈥檚 Future. The political action committee produced a television ad featuring two councilmen who had endorsed Kelley, Blaine Griffin and Kevin Conwell.

Neither super PAC has disclosed its funders or expenditures yet.

It wasn鈥檛 the only outside help Kelley received. A website purporting to be a news outlet called Cleveland Neighborhood News published articles criticizing Bibb. The site鈥檚 Facebook page paid to boost those posts to a wider social media audience, according to Facebook ad disclosures, garnering hundreds of shares and comments.

The outlet was originally formed by FitzGerald, he confirmed to 海角破解版 in an email in September. The former county executive said that he sold his interest in the website earlier in the year. He declined to name the new owner.

鈥淭he new owner is free to do whatever they want with it,鈥� FitzGerald wrote in September. 鈥淪ome of the content I've agreed with, some of it I haven't. They have told me they intend to operate the site for years to come, are hiring actual reporters, and believe that it can be viable in this news market.鈥�

Nevertheless, Cleveland Neighborhood News has not published any new articles since Kelley lost the mayoral race, nor did it cover the Nov. 2 results.

A spokeswoman for the Kelley campaign told 海角破解版 that the campaign did not coordinate with Cleveland Neighborhood News. In an email earlier this year, an unnamed representative for the website claimed to be independent of any campaign or political action committee.

Bibb and Zack Reed knock on doors in Cleveland's Union-Miles neighborhood the weekend before the Nov. 2 election. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

Bibb received third-party help, as well.

Conservation Ohio, a super PAC connected to the Ohio Environmental Council, joined forces with the Service Employees International Union District 1199 and other groups to buy radio, streaming TV and digital ads for Bibb.

Those ads didn鈥檛 just promote Bibb. They also attacked Kelley as 鈥渃rooked.鈥�

Spencer Dirrig, Conservation Ohio's political director, said the Ohio Environmental Council has no authority over the work of the PAC, which was created by the Ohio Environmental Council Action Fund.

Conservation Ohio worked to reach environmentally conscious younger voters in Wards 3 and 15 while also persuading voters in East Side wards, according to Dirrig. The PAC organized barbers and beauty salon stylists to greet voters at polling places in the primary and on Election Day.

鈥淲e believe that that had a strong impact in making sure that people heard our environmental justice message,鈥� Dirrig said. 

Cleveland for All, a super PAC created earlier this year, paid for pro-Bibb mailers. It also sent out mailers for Sandra Williams in the primary.

According to paperwork filed Oct. 12 with the Federal Election Commission, the PAC received all of its money from the Ohio Women鈥檚 Alliance Action Fund. The group is a 501c4 nonprofit aimed at 鈥渆xpanding the electorate to be more inclusive of Black women and women of color,鈥� .

The super PAC Future Cleveland raised $44,500 from people in the city鈥檚 business community, according to FEC disclosures. Before the primary, the PAC released a video ad backing Kelley, Bibb and Williams.

Kevin Kelley speaks at a Teamsters endorsement event in October. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

The experience question and Kelley鈥檚 last chance

If 2021 was a change election, Kelley tried to make a dual case for himself: that his experience in office best prepared him to act as a change agent.

In debates and forums, the council president criticized what he saw as Bibb鈥檚 naivete and inexperience. But that tack did not win Kelley the day.

鈥淚f you ask voters if they care about experience, they鈥檒l say that they do and they鈥檒l rate it very, very highly,鈥� FitzGerald said. 鈥淏ut they really don鈥檛.鈥�

In the final weeks of the campaign, Kelley heavily emphasized his opposition to Issue 24, the police oversight charter amendment that Bibb supported. The weekend before the election, Kelley gave these instructions to construction and teachers鈥� union members canvassing for him on the West Side: Tell voters, 鈥淵es on Kelley, no on Issue 24.鈥�

But the issue, like Bibb, was headed for victory.

Joe Fouche, Kelley鈥檚 campaign manager and a former East Cleveland police officer and chief of police in a small Northwest Ohio town, said that Bibb put together a strong and organized team.

鈥淥n top of that, they had a great candidate in Justin,鈥� he said. 鈥淎nd then, if that wasn鈥檛 good enough, they were on the right side of Issue 24.鈥�

Justin Bibb takes the stage at Olivet Institutional Baptish Church to deliver his victory speech Nov. 2. [Nick Castele / 海角破解版]

Although Bibb ran as an outsider change candidate, he pulled institutional support away from better-known figures.

After his primary victory, he picked up the endorsements of a wide range of elected officials, from U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown to Cuyahoga County Councilman Martin J. Sweeney. Democratic affinity groups like the Cuyahoga Democratic Women鈥檚 Caucus backed Bibb over Kelley, who also serves as the executive vice chair of the county party.

鈥淭he campaign started off early and they just worked hard without ever stopping,鈥� Women鈥檚 Caucus Chair Cindy Demsey said of the Bibb campaign. 鈥淎nd so the momentum was building as his name became better known, and people would talk about him and there was enthusiasm.鈥�

Bibb鈥檚 win could open the door to more electoral bids by challenger candidates, according to Quentin James of The Collective PAC.

鈥淲e鈥檙e going to see a lot more challengers stepping up to run,鈥� he said. 鈥淏ecause I think there鈥檚 this assumption that there is this very powerful establishment machine. And I think Justin tore it to shreds ... and the kind of myth behind it as well.鈥�